Download

Bulk data, code, DOI

Data

Resource	Format	DOI / Link
Annotations (all 3 models, all 3,327 manifestos)	Parquet	huggingface.co/datasets/sstoeckl/populism-llm-v1
Replication archive (versioned, citable)	Tar	Dataverse — DOI tba
Code	Git repo	github.com/sstoeckl/3175_populism_llm
Code archive	Tar	Zenodo — DOI tba

Load in R

library(arrow)
df <- read_parquet(
  "https://huggingface.co/datasets/sstoeckl/populism-llm-v1/resolve/main/data/aggregated.parquet"
)

Load in Python

from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("sstoeckl/populism-llm-v1", "aggregated")
df = ds["train"].to_pandas()

License

Component	License
Annotations (scores, statuses, metrics)	CC-BY 4.0
Verbatim quotes (≤ 50 words)	Fair-use for scientific commentary; cite manifesto_id
Code	MIT
Original manifesto texts	© Manifesto Project / WZB — obtain via manifesto-project.wzb.eu

Citation

@article{stoeckl2026populism,
  author  = {Stoeckl, Sebastian},
  title   = {Populism and Liberalism in European Party Manifestos:
             A Cross-Validated LLM Approach},
  year    = {2026},
  journal = {Working Paper},
  note    = {Dataset DOI: tba}
}

@misc{stoeckl2026populismdb,
  author    = {Stoeckl, Sebastian},
  title     = {Populism-LLM v1: A Cross-Validated LLM Annotation of
               European Party Manifestos},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Hugging Face Datasets},
  url       = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/sstoeckl/populism-llm-v1}
}